It gained no friends for Austria among the Western powers but lost considerable goodwill that Tsar Nicholas I had earlier harboured for Franz Joseph. The mobilization of a part of the Austrian Army in Galicia on the borders of Russia in retrospect turned out to have been a grave error. Austria’s mistaken policy during the Crimean War originated largely with the emperor, torn between gratitude to Russia for its help in quelling a rebellion in Hungary in 1849 and the advantage the monarchy might derive from siding with Great Britain and France. In 1853 there was an attempt on the emperor’s life in Vienna and in a riot in Milan.Īfter Schwarzenberg’s death (1852), Franz Joseph decided not to replace him as prime minister and took a greater part in politics himself. That retraction had long aftereffects and led to the liberals’ permanent distrust of Franz Joseph’s rule. This mood became more threatening after 1851, when the government withdrew the promise of a constitution, given in 1849 under the pressure of the revolutionary troubles. In home affairs, however, Schwarzenberg’s harsh rule and the formation of an intolerant police apparatus evoked a latent mood of rebellion. In external affairs Schwarzenberg achieved a powerful position for Austria in particular, with the Punctation of Olmütz (November 1850), in which Prussia acknowledged Austria’s predominance in Germany. In what strange way did the French get troops to the front line? What animals carried messages during the war? Test your knowledge of World War I with this quiz. Involving all the world’s superpowers, World War I resulted in more than 35 million casualties.
Together with Schwarzenberg, who had become prime minister and foreign minister in 1848, Franz Joseph set out to set his empire in order. Neo-absolutism, 1841–59ĭuring the first 10 years of his reign, the era of so-called neo-absolutism, the emperor-aided by such outstanding advisers as Felix, prince zu Schwarzenberg (until 1852), Leo, Graf (count) von Thun und Hohenstein, and Alexander, Freiherr (baron) von Bach-inaugurated a very personal regime by taking a hand both in the formulation of foreign policy and in the strategic decisions of the time. He married her in 1854 and remained deeply attached to her throughout a stormy marriage. A more profound influence, however, was that of his wife, the duchess Elizabeth of Bavaria. Of all his mentors, the old chancellor Klemens, Fürst (prince) von Metternich, probably exerted the most lasting influence on Franz Joseph. Hopes of a revival of monarchist sentiments were raised by his radiant, youthful appearance. When revolution spread to the capitals of the Austrian Empire, Franz Joseph was proclaimed emperor at Olmütz (Olomouc) on December 2, 1848, after the abdication of Ferdinand-the rights of his father, the archduke, to the throne having been passed over. In the spring of 1848 he served with the Austrian forces in Italy, where Lombardy-Venetia, supported by King Charles Albert of Sardinia, had rebelled against Austrian rule. As his uncle Emperor Ferdinand (I) was childless, Franz Joseph was educated as his heir-presumptive. SpaceNext50 Britannica presents SpaceNext50, From the race to the Moon to space stewardship, we explore a wide range of subjects that feed our curiosity about space!įranz Joseph was the eldest son of Archduke Francis Charles and Sophia, daughter of King Maximilian I of Bavaria.Learn about the major environmental problems facing our planet and what can be done about them! Saving Earth Britannica Presents Earth’s To-Do List for the 21st Century.Britannica Beyond We’ve created a new place where questions are at the center of learning.100 Women Britannica celebrates the centennial of the Nineteenth Amendment, highlighting suffragists and history-making politicians.
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